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1. Ethernet

Ethernet is the most widely used wired networking technology for local area networks (LANs), allowing devices to communicate using a standard protocol.

Key Features of Ethernet:

  • Speed – Ranges from 10 Mbps (Ethernet) to 100 Gbps (Gigabit & 100G Ethernet).
  • Topology – Common topologies include star, bus, and ring.
  • Cabling – Uses twisted-pair (Cat5e, Cat6, Cat7), fiber optics, or coaxial cables.
  • Protocol – Uses the IEEE 802.3 standard.
  • Connectivity – Ethernet switches, routers, and hubs connect multiple devices in a network.

Types of Ethernet:

  • 📡 Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) – Used in older LANs.
  • 📡 Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps) – Standard for modern LANs.
  • 📡 10G/40G/100G Ethernet – Used in high-performance networks and data centers.
  • 📡 Power over Ethernet (PoE) – Supplies power to devices like IP cameras, VoIP phones, and wireless APs.

Ethernet Devices:

  • 🔹 Switches – Forward data to the intended destination.
  • 🔹 Routers – Connect different networks and direct traffic.
  • 🔹 Hubs – Broadcast data to all devices in the network.
  • 🔹 Network Interface Cards (NICs) – Allow devices to connect to an Ethernet network.

2. Metro Routing Switches

Metro routing switches are specialized network devices used in Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) to route and switch data between different locations within a city or large region.

Key Features of Metro Routing Switches:

  • High-Speed Data Transfer – Supports speeds from 1 Gbps to 100 Gbps.
  • Scalability – Handles large amounts of traffic across multiple locations.
  • Quality of Service (QoS) – Ensures efficient bandwidth management.
  • Redundancy & Reliability – Uses failover mechanisms to prevent downtime.
  • Security – Includes firewall features, VLAN segmentation, and encryption.

Common Metro Routing Technologies:

  • 📡 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) – Enhances network efficiency.
  • 📡 Metro Ethernet – Uses Ethernet for high-speed MAN connectivity.
  • 📡 Fiber Optics – Provides high-speed and long-distance data transmission.
  • 📡 Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) – Extends LAN capabilities over a MAN.

Examples of Metro Routing Switches:

  • 🔹 Cisco Catalyst Series
  • 🔹 Juniper MX Series
  • 🔹 Huawei CloudEngine
  • 🔹 Arista Networks Metro Switches